Autoantibodies to mitochondrial antigens (AMA)

Why this test?

For the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis of the liver, in particular for differential diagnosis with other autoimmune liver lesions. 

To help decide on the need for a liver transplant.

In what cases is it prescribed? 

With symptoms of primary biliary cirrhosis of the liver (enlargement of the liver and spleen, rapid fatigue, jaundice, itching). 

Most often, the first symptom is an increase in the level of liver enzymes, especially alkaline phosphatase.

Test information 

An increase in the production of antimitochondrial antibodies is largely associated with the development of primary biliary cirrhosis of the liver - an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and then sclerosing of the bile ducts in the liver, which leads to a violation of the structure and function of the liver and a delay in bile secretion. It occurs mainly in women aged 35 to 60 years. 

More than 90% of patients suffering from primary biliary cirrhosis have significant concentrations of antimitochondrial antibodies. 

In addition, the level of antibodies to mitochondria increases in primary and secondary sclerosing cholangitis, in liver diseases caused by chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, as well as in bile duct obstruction.

Sometimes it is accompanied by an increase in the content of alkaline phosphatase. 

There are nine types of antimitochondrial antibody antigens (M1-M9), of which M2 and M9 are the most clinically relevant. Primary biliary cirrhosis is characterized by the presence of type M2.