Diamine oxidase (DAO)

Why this test?

Diagnostics and differential diagnosis of lack of tolerance to histamine from IgE-induced allergy and other histamine-associated disorders (chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa in Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, etc.). 

Appoint and monitor therapy and a histamine-free diet in a timely manner.

In what cases is it prescribed? 

For the diagnosis of histamine intolerance. 

Differential diagnosis of histamine intolerance from IgE-induced allergy, chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa (with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, etc.). 

Monitoring of the course, control of histamine-free diet therapy.

Test information 

Diamine oxidase (DAO, DAO) is an enzyme that plays a key role in the breakdown of histamine that comes with food. Histamine is a biogenic amine, synthesized from the amino acid histidine in mast cells, basophils, platelets, and some neurons, where it is located intracellularly in vesicles, is released upon stimulation, and is a mediator of allergic and pseudoallergic reactions. 

Histamine intolerance (HTG) is a state of intolerance to histamine that comes with food, the cause of which is a deficiency/insufficient activity of the enzyme diamine oxidase or a change in the ratio of the intake of histamine and the enzyme, which is manifested by clinical symptoms similar to those of allergic diseases. VTG is observed in 1% of the population of various countries of the world, up to 80% are middle-aged women. 

Nonallergic factors that release histamine/block DAO and lead to VTG include histamine-rich foods, drugs, chemical and physical agents, alcohol, hypoxia, neuropeptides, enzymes, and enterocyte damage in gastrointestinal disease , lack of vitamin B6. Histamine in VTH accumulates in the body and causes general allergic symptoms (Non-IgE-mediated allergy), which are often interpreted as symptoms of food allergy. DAO-associated genetic predisposition to delayed destruction of histamine is poorly studied.