Białko C

Why this test?

To diagnose the concentration or activity of protein C;

To diagnose the concentration or activity of protein C when identifying the causes of thrombophilia and thrombotic complications;

To identify possible causes of arterial and venous thrombosis of various localization, in particular in young people;

To diagnose the causes of the development of thrombotic complications during pregnancy;

For the diagnosis of possible causes of the development of thrombotic complications in newborns, in the complex diagnosis of congenital protein C deficiency;

For the diagnosis of protein C during treatment with indirect anticoagulants, warfarin;

For the diagnosis of protein C in oncological, purulent-inflammatory diseases, sepsis.

In what cases is it prescribed?

During a comprehensive examination to identify the causes of thrombosis (determination of antithrombin III, protein S, etc.);

With clinical manifestations of arterial and venous thrombosis: myocardial infarction, stroke, thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery, deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities, pelvic organs, etc.;

With symptoms of congenital thrombosis, presumably associated with protein C deficiency;

In case of pregnancy pathologies: preeclampsia, eclampsia, DIC syndrome, intrauterine growth retardation, spontaneous abortions, repeated miscarriages;

During therapy with anticoagulants of indirect action, warfarin; with the development of warfarin necrosis of the skin;

With vitamin K deficiency, liver pathologies;

With oncological, purulent-inflammatory diseases, sepsis.

Test information

Protein C is one of the most important proteins-factors of the anticoagulant (anticoagulant) blood system. The synthesis of this protein occurs in the liver and is vitamin K-dependent. Protein C is in constant circulation in the blood in an inactive state. Its activation occurs when the thrombin and thrombomodulin complex affects the surface of intact endothelial cells and platelets. In its active form, protein C partially destroys and inactivates non-enzymatic blood coagulation factors Va and VIIIa. The enzymatic action of protein C occurs in the presence of its cofactor - protein S. It is a vitamin K - dependent non-enzymatic cofactor that is synthesized in the liver and circulates in the bloodstream. As a result of the described interactions, blood coagulation processes are inhibited, and the processes of the anticoagulation system (fibrinolysis) are indirectly activated.

Determining the concentration or activity of protein C in the blood is important in the diagnosis of various pathological conditions and diseases. A decrease in these indicators may be associated with a violation of the synthesis of protein C, its rapid consumption, or with a violation of the protein structure and its functional inferiority. The synthesis of protein C can be reduced as a result of congenital deficiency, deficiency of vitamin K, liver pathologies, violation of its synthetic function, in newborns and in the elderly. Excessive consumption of protein can be observed with thrombosis, thromboembolism, consumption coagulopathy, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DVZ-syndrome), after major operations and injuries. Violation of the functional activity of protein C can be observed when taking anticoagulant drugs, in particular when taking oral warfarin. An increase in the concentration of protein C can be observed during pregnancy, when taking oral contraceptives based on estrogens, and in case of kidney diseases.

Congenital protein C deficiency occurs in 0.2-0.5% of cases and is characterized by a severe course. It requires preventive and therapeutic measures to prevent the development of thrombosis and fatal complications. A rare variant of homozygous protein C deficiency manifests as fulminant DIC in newborns and requires urgent diagnostic measures and treatment.

In pregnant women, protein C deficiency leads to a number of severe pathological processes and complications. Thrombosis and thromboembolism may develop with damage to the deep veins of the lower extremities, pelvic organs, cerebral vessels, a possible complication in the form of pulmonary embolism. Intrauterine fetal development delay as a result of fetoplacental insufficiency, spontaneous abortions and repeated miscarriages may be noted. The risk of developing preeclampsia, eclampsia and DIC syndrome increases.

When taking anticoagulants of indirect action and with a significant decrease in the activity of protein C to less than 50% of the norm, skin necrosis may develop. Such warfarin necrosis rarely develops, but is characterized by a severe course and requires careful medical control. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out treatment with indirect anticoagulants under the control of protein C activity. Control and repeated determinations of protein C must be carried out at least one month after the withdrawal of the drugs.

The main manifestations of protein C deficiency are arterial and venous thrombosis of various localization. Myocardial infarctions, strokes, thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery can be noted in the absence of other factors and in young people. Determination of the concentration / activity of protein C can also be recommended for oncological diseases, purulent-inflammatory diseases, sepsis, and Protein C is one of the most important proteins - factors of the anticoagulant (anticoagulant) blood system. The synthesis of this protein occurs in the liver and is vitamin K-dependent. Protein C is in constant circulation in the blood in an inactive state. Its activation occurs when the thrombin and thrombomodulin complex affects the surface of intact endothelial cells and platelets. In its active form, protein C partially destroys and inactivates non-enzymatic blood coagulation factors Va and VIIIa. The enzymatic action of protein C occurs in the presence of its cofactor - protein S. It is a vitamin K - dependent non-enzymatic cofactor that is synthesized in the liver and circulates in the bloodstream. As a result of the described interactions, blood coagulation processes are inhibited, and the processes of the anticoagulation system (fibrinolysis) are indirectly activated.

Determining the concentration or activity of protein C in the blood is important in the diagnosis of various pathological conditions and diseases. A decrease in these indicators may be associated with a violation of the synthesis of protein C, its rapid consumption, or with a violation of the protein structure and its functional inferiority. The synthesis of protein C can be reduced as a result of congenital insufficiency, deficiency of vitamin K, with liver pathologies, violation of its synthetic function, in the newborn period and in the elderly. Excessive consumption of protein can be observed with thrombosis, thromboembolism, consumption coagulopathy, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DVZ-syndrome), after major operations and injuries. Violation of the functional activity of protein C can be observed when taking anticoagulant drugs, in particular when taking oral warfarin. An increase in the concentration of protein C can be observed during pregnancy, when taking oral contraceptives based on estrogens, and in case of kidney diseases.

Congenital protein C deficiency occurs in 0.2-0.5% of cases and is characterized by a severe course. It requires preventive and therapeutic measures to prevent the development of thrombosis and fatal complications. A rare variant of homozygous protein C deficiency manifests as fulminant DIC in newborns and requires urgent diagnostic measures and treatment.

In case of pregnant women, protein C deficiency leads to a number of severe pathological processes and complications. Thrombosis and thromboembolism may develop with damage to the deep veins of the lower extremities, pelvic organs, cerebral vessels, a possible complication in the form of pulmonary embolism. Intrauterine fetal development delay as a result of fetoplacental insufficiency, spontaneous abortions and repeated miscarriages may be noted. The risk of developing preeclampsia, eclampsia and DIC syndrome increases.

When taking anticoagulants of indirect action and with a significant decrease in the activity of protein C to less than 50% of the norm, skin necrosis may develop. Such warfarin necrosis rarely develops, but is characterized by a severe course and requires careful medical control. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out treatment with indirect anticoagulants under the control of protein C activity. Control and repeated determinations of protein C must be carried out at least one month after the withdrawal of the drugs.

The main manifestations of protein C deficiency are arterial and venous thrombosis of various localization. Myocardial infarctions, strokes, thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery can be noted in the absence of other factors and in young people. Determination of the concentration / activity of protein C can also be recommended for oncological diseases, purulent-inflammatory diseases, sepsis and septic processes.